Abstract:
The aim of this Afterword is to foreground and discuss some of the key themes
emerging from the four studies in this special issue. I first consider the critical eth-
nographic approach to language policy and planning adopted in the studies, and the
attention to language policy processes unfolding on different scales of social and
institutional life. This is followed by my reading of the ways the authors present
the different actors creating, appropriating, reframing or resisting national and lan-
guage-in-education policies in Timor-Leste. The last part is devoted to the analysis
of discourses and practices of particular social actors taken here as ‘language policy
arbiters’ (Johnson and Johnson in Lang Policy 14(3):221–243, 2015).
