http://www.repositorio.uem.mz/handle258/66 2026-07-08T23:07:53Z http://www.repositorio.uem.mz/handle258/1199 Regeneration and restoration status of miombo woodland as a result of land use changes at the buffer zone of Gile National Park, Zambezia Central Mozambique Ameja, Leta Gobosho Study about impacts of deforestation and forest degradation (D&D), land use land cover change (LULCC), status of regeneration and restoration of Miombo woodland were conducted at the buffer zone of Gile National park (GNAP), central Mozambique. Household (HH) interviews, key informant interviews (KIIs), and focus group discussion (FGD) were used to collect data from the community. In total, 12 transects, 48 plots, and 240 subplots were sampled in dense Miombo woodland (DMWL), open Miombo woodland (OMWL), and abandoned agricultural land (AAL) to assess regeneration structure. Landsat imagery of 1999, 2009, and 2019 were used to analyze LULCC. Supervised classification was used for image classification. 200 HH were selected based on a simple random sampling technique. Chi-square test, Logistic regression analysis, Descriptive statistics, and Kruskal-Wallis were used to analyze data. Analysis and quantification of Spatio- temporal dynamics of the LULCC were done using QGIS 2.8.1 and ArcMap 10.1. Data collected through FGD and KIIs were analyzed qualitatively. Of all respondents taken for an interview, 47% were male-headed, and 53% were female-headed and mainly engaged in slash-and-burn agriculture. The most collected forest products were firewood, thatch grass, medicinal plants, and wild fruits. The mean forest dependency index (FDI) was 0.51 (SD = 0.40. About 80.5% of the respondents strongly agreed that D&D is the primary cause of the loss of economic woody species and the scarcity of fertile land in the study area. The overall accuracy for 1999, 2009, and 2019 were 90%, 90%, and 91%, respectively. DMWL and OMWL are the most dominant land cover class in 1999. Of the total land cover, about 34.57 and 40.86 % of land covers remained unchanged from 1999 to 2009 and 2009 to 2019 correspondingly. Within 20 years, about 14.85 % of DMWL has been changed to other land uses. Matured woody species density was significantly different between AAL&DMWL and DMWL & OMWL. However, there was no significant difference between OMWL and AAL. Regeneration density was significantly different between land-use types. The most regenerated family was Fabaceae. All respondents reported that no assisted restoration activity was/is taking place in the area. Slash and burn agriculture and animal grazing were ranked first and last most important factors affecting the regeneration of Miombo woodland, respectively. The adverse impacts of LULCC were associated with the underlying factors related to human activities. To solve the issue of regeneration, there must be broad-scale restoration projects around the area supported by awareness creation and incentive mechanisms to conserve forests. Our findings suggest the importance of diversifying sources of income, creating a market value chain for their product, and strengthening collaboration between the park and the community surrounding the park could reduce the dependence of the community on slash and burn agriculture as well as safeguard the park from degradation and at the same time maintain the livelihood of the community 2024-07-22T00:00:00Z http://www.repositorio.uem.mz/handle258/1198 Study of the land use, land cover and climate effects on water availability in the incalaue river basin in Niassa Special Reserve, northern Mozambique Natumanya, Ezrah O uso e Cobertura da Terra (LULC, do acrónimo em inglês) são os principais determinantes dos processos hidrológicos em qualquer zona climática e variam devido a actividades naturais ou antropogénicas e podem causar alterações na disponibilidade de água numa paisagem. Este estudo avaliou os efeitos do LULC e do clima na disponibilidade de água na bacia hidrográfica do rio Incalaue (697,02 km 2 ) na Reserva Especial do Niassa (REN). Este estudo foi importante para orientar os gestores da NSR sobre as necessidades de conservação da água e gestão de LULC, especialmente com a expansão dos assentamentos populacionais humanos e do uso da terra. Os resultados foram publicados em três artigos e duas manuscrito foi aceite para publicação. Este estudo foi importante para orientar os gestores da NSR sobre as necessidades de conservação da água e gestão de LULC, especialmente com a expansão dos assentamentos populacionais humanos e do uso da terra. A caracterização à escala da paisagem do LULC e das influências do declive do solo foi utilizada para avaliar o escoamento das chuvas reflectido no caudal do rio. Dois artigos abordaram a classificação do LULC e avaliaram a conectividade da paisagem e a sua relação com as fontes e disponibilidade de água. O terceiro artigo avaliou o escoamento das chuvas e utilizou dados de satélite de detecção remota para derivar tendências, uma vez que a bacia hidrográfica nunca foi medida. Um manuscrito sobre os efeitos do LULC e do clima nas áreas de origem das chuvas e escoamento foi aceite para publicação. Neste estudo, o Uso da Terra e Mudança de Cobertura (LULCC), do acrónimo em inglês) foi caracterizado por meio de imagens do satélite Landsat ETM/TM. A análise do LULC foi feita utilizando imagens de detecção remota, Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (GIS) e observações de campo. A Ferramenta de Avaliação de Solo e Água (modelo SWAT, do acrónimo em inglês) foi utilizada para simulações hidrológicas; e os softwares Microsoft Excel e Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) foram utilizados nas análises estatísticas. Ao manter fixos os valores óptimos do modelo enquanto se varia o LULC na Ferramenta de modelo SWAT, as alterações no escoamento da precipitação modelado foram tomadas para reflectir os impactos do clima. O estudo encontrou mudanças no LULCC usando imagens amostradas de 2001, 2009 e 2019, com destaque para a área coberta por vegetação mais alta na ordem de Floresta de Baixa Densidade (+15,94%) > Floresta de Alta Densidade (-4,15%) > Florestas de Montanha (-5,37)> Florestas de Média Densidade (-6,46%). Foram coletados dados de trabalho de campo (2019 – 2021). Houve uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre xprecipitação e escoamento superficial (P = 9,21E-37), bem como uma variação sazonal significativa na produção de água subterrânea nas nascentes (P = 1,29E-10) usando dados de campo. Não houve grandes alterações no escoamento das chuvas no período de 2001 a 2021; apenas com pequenas variações apenas nos meses de março (-0,17%), novembro (+0,73%), dezembro (+0,05%) e janeiro (+0,1%). A bacia hidrográfica tem 20 Unidades de Resposta Hidrológica (HRUs) dominantes e 241 individuais em 11 sub-bacias hidrográficas. A análise da contribuição parcial mostrou a influência do LULC e do clima na precipitação-escoamento para 0,35 e 0,21, respectivamente. Descobriu-se que as nascentes de água subterrânea são fontes de água indispensáveis tanto para a vida selvagem como para as pessoas na estação seca (Junho a Novembro). As contribuições únicas para a ciência incluíram este ser o primeiro estudo de avaliação da disponibilidade de água, somando-se aos muitos estudos LULC existentes, explorando ao mesmo tempo o potencial para a monitorização remota da precipitação e da relação do fluxo do rio, bem como a proporção da contribuição parcial do LULCC e do clima para a água do rio. Este estudo avaliou eficazmente a disponibilidade de água subterrânea e as relações LULC anteriormente desconhecidas; e fez recomendações para a sua conservação como manchas de paisagem com valor de conservação para as pessoas e a vida selvagem 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z http://www.repositorio.uem.mz/handle258/1117 Determinants of community participation in selected non-timber forest products market in Niassa Special Reserve, Niassa province, Mozambique Gerald, Lubega The major purpose of this study was to determine the determinants of Community Participation in the Selected Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) Market in Niassa Special Reserve (NSR), Niassa Province, Mozambique. Specifically, this study aimed to (i) evaluate community participation in the value chain as collectors, producers, and sellers of NTFPs; (ii) determine the diversity, and Importance Value Index (IVI) of Tree species with NTFPs attachment; (iii) determine the economic value of selected NTFPs towards household food security and income; and (iv) examine the key factors that influence the decision of the household’s participation in the selected NTFPs market in Mecula-Lugenda Corridor in NSR. Community-based analytical cross-section and longitudinal studies were done employing quantitative and qualitative approaches. Focus group discussions were held with members of the communities whereas key informant interviews were conducted with Wildlife Conservation Society officials (the management authority), traditional healers, and local leaders to help in identifying the different places where these species are being harvested. Twelve transects were established to identify tree species with NTFP attachment. Tree Species Diversity was determined using the Shannon diversity Index. Using households from selected villages along with local leaders, traditional healers, and officials managing NSR, a multistage sampling procedure was preferred whereby simple random sampling was used in choosing such households and villages. Data was collected using the household survey methods and market survey. The economic value of each NTFP was obtained based on the Shackleton and Shackleton model. Community participation in the value chain and key factors affecting the household decisions to participate in the selected NTFP market were investigated using the same sampling framework and process indicated above. Quantitatively, data was analyzed using STATA version 20 to generate descriptive and inferential statistics. A bivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the factors that primarily characterize dependence on NTFPs. Qualitatively, both thematic and content analysis were used. The study found that communities largely participated in the collection of NTFPs whereby 100% were collecting firewood, medicinal plants, fish, spices, grass, and ropes. The communities rarely participated in the collection of oil and bush meat. 80% of the community members preferred firewood, poles, ropes, wild fruits and nuts, grass, bamboo shoots, wild tubes, medicinal plants, and fish because they were associated with the value, they play about food security, health, economic security, and overall survival and economic growth of the area. It was also established that there is a total of 56 different tree species in 25 botanical families that were attached to NTFPs extraction. Fabaceae had the highest number of species (20). Julbernadia globiflora was the most dominant with a relative dominance of 19.37%, and Diplorhynchus condylocarpon (48.6048) had the highest IVI. The diversity of tree species was unevenly distributed in the study area however Ntimbo 2 had the highest diversity index. Different tree species with different families were distributed heterogeneously with diverse heights and sizes forming different layers. The different tree species were harvested from the roots, bark, trunk/branches, leaves, flowers, and seeds for the different NTFPs and were mostly harvested all year through. It was also established that 21 NTFPs ranging between food products, firewood, and construction materials were collected, produced, and traded by households living adjacent to the Mecula-Lugenda Corridor zones. The mean annual value of the identified NTFPs ranged from 600.00MZN/$9.68 to 6000.00MZN/$96.77. Fish and poles had the highest mean annual value followed by poles, oils, sisal, firewood, and ropes. The most dominant NTFPs in terms of mean annual value per household were firewood, mushroom, medicinal plants, and honey. The study xivfindings thus established that the collection of NTFPs generally contributes 38.6% to food security in NSR. Lastly, the study revealed that about 90% of the households participate in collecting, producing, and selling non-timber forest products. The binary logistic regression revealed sex, age, education, family size, and time spent in the area as significantly associated with dependence on NTFPs. Additionally, forest fires, strong cultural attachment to forests, seasonal engagement in the collection, , distance to the nearby forest, construction needs, forest being a major source of medicine, education, household food security, ready income, tourist attraction, and affordability of a distance to markets were found to have a significant influence on the community’s dependence on NTFPs. It was recommended that there is a need to promote off-farm income-generating activities. Secondly, it was recommended that for effective conservation of NTFPs, strategies should take into consideration groups that were found to have more stake, such as the men and youth in planning and implementing sustainable utilization and management of forest resources. In addition, interventions aimed at conserving the forest should consider both in-situ and ex-situ conservation of the most utilized plants and trees. For instance, trees and plants that provide NTFPs in the form of spices, firewood, and medicines need to be preserved to avoid extinction or relieve pressure on the wild stock. The provision of energy-saving stoves and the promotion of biogas technologies as an alternative to fuelwood is recommended to reduce household overreliance on the forest wood plant. The NTFP value chain in the Mecula-Lugenda Corridor needs some focus action such as providing equipment to the collectors necessary for collection, processing, and conservation, building the capacities of collectors on drying, conservation, and processing techniques, creating, and empowering collectors’ organization and their networking with buyers, developing of market information system and an enabling environment that facilitates market access to local collectors. In addition, the promotion of tourism would broaden the market for the NTFPs since most of the tourists would be interested in buying these products as souvenirs. Furthermore, improving NTFP quality can improve NTFP prices in rural, national, and international markets and then reduce the pressure on forest resources and biodiversity in general. Lastly, it is recommended that the domestication of indigenous tree species should be encouraged for the reduction of poverty and for balance to be maintained in the ecosystem. Therefore, the government should encourage the cultivation of edible and medicinal tree species around homes (home gardens) incorporated with honey production. This will reduce encroachment into the forest for tree species exploitation for economic and medicinal reasons 2024-08-30T00:00:00Z