Avaliação da eficiência da adubação orgânica e uso de feijão nhemba como fixador de nitrogénio no rendimento do trigo

Abstract

The present study was carried out in the district of Chókwè, from November 2011 to September 2012, in the fields of the Estação Agrária de Chókwè belonging to the Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, in which the test was carried out using the wheat crop (variety Nduna) . The objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance of wheat submitted to different sources and doses of nitrogen fertilization (bovine manure, chicken litter and nitrogen fixed biologically by cowpeas). For this purpose, 8 treatments were tested: T1-without fertilization (0 Kg N / ha), T2-cowpea at a density of 55555 plants / ha, T3-chicken litter at a dose of 1458Kg / ha (35 Kg N / ha) ), T4- bovine manure at a dose of 1750 kg / ha (35 kg / ha of N), T5-cowpea at a density of 111111 plants / ha, T6-NPK at a dose of 150 kg / ha + 108 kg of urea, totaling 70 kg N / ha, T7- chicken litter at a dose of 2916Kg / ha (70 Kg N / ha) and T8- bovine manure at a dose of 3500Kg / ha (70 Kg N / ha). The variables analyzed were: tillering, plant height, number of panicles per square meter, number of grains per panicle, yield, weight of 1000 seeds, lodging and dry matter. The data were submitted to the GenStat Discovery Edition 4 statistical package to assess whether there are significant differences in the yield of wheat submitted to different sources and doses of nitrogen. The results of the study showed that there was a significant influence of the treatments on the variables plant height, number of grains per panicle, yield, weight of 1000 seeds and on dry matter. The highest yields were seen in the T8 treatment, with around 3532Kg / ha, followed by the T6 treatment, with an estimated yield of 3349Kg / ha, which, consequently, led to a high economic return of these treatments in the order of 10312.00Mt and 5773.00Mt, respectively. The lowest yield was registered in the T1 treatment, with about 1368.23 Kg / ha. As for the content of macronutrients in the grains, the highest concentration of nitrogen was found in treatment T6 and the highest concentrations of Potassium, Magnesium and Calcium were found in treatments T3, T4 and T5, respectively