Determinantes da adopção da energia solar em Funhalouro: uma estratégia de desenvolvimento local

Abstract

The energy sources used by the majority of the Mozambican population are based on oil and woody biomass. These sources are not benign, as oil when used in lamps for lighting releases gases harmful to the environment, directly affecting human health. Woody biomass, in addition to also causing human health problems, contributes to deforestation. Therefore, the government of Mozambique promotes the adoption of solar energy. Taking into account the solar energy potential that the district of Funhalouro has and the long distance between the localities and the “national energy distribution network”, the Government of Mozambique through the National Directorate for Renewable Energies (DNER) in coordination with the Fund de Energia (FUNAE), installed three solar systems in Mavume, Tsenane and Tome. It is in this context that the main objective of this study was to determine the factors that influence the process of adopting solar energy by families in the district of Funhalouro. The methodology used to collect data on the characteristics and attitudes of the respondents was the survey through interpersonal interviews with potential adopters. Data analysis was performed on the basis of descriptive statistics and logistic regression using the SPSS version 16 statistical package. The results indicated that respondents have an average age of 36 years with a household of approximately seven people. Attitudes towards local development were positive. However, a considerable percentage of respondents, around 59.8%, expressed a negative attitude towards solar energy in street lighting in the localities. The results of the regression indicated human capital, as having a positive and statistically significant effect (β = 1,524, p <0.001) in the adoption of solar energy through the education dimension. The main recommendations emerging from the results of the study are addressed to community leaders and FUNAE to: inform the population to adhere to the use of solar energy; improve the monitoring system for solar systems assembled at the local level; and promote literacy programs. (TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)